Welcome! This is the main website for the TRANSIT and TPP tools developed by the Ioerger lab at Texas A&M.
This page is for the original version of Transit, which is still being maintained and
distributed as described below. It can still be installed as the tnseq-transit package (most recently, v3.2.7) on PyPi using pip.
In 2023, we re-implemented Transit from scratch, which we are now distributing as
TRANSIT2. The new version has a better, more
integrated GUI. There are some minor differences in command-line arguments and file formats,
but Transit2 still has the same methods for statistical analysis of TnSeq data as the original version of Transit.
The new package on PyPi is called transit2.
|
- TRANSIT is a tool for the analysis of Tn-Seq data. It provides a easy to use graphical interface and access to three different analysis methods that allow the user to determine essentiality within a single condition as well as between conditions.
- TPP is an optional pre-processing tool that allows the user to map reads to the genome of an organism, to create .wig files (with insertion counts at TA sites) that can be used in TRANSIT.
- DeJesus, M.A., Ambadipudi, C., Baker, R., Sassetti, C., and Ioerger, T.R. (2015). TRANSIT - a Software Tool for Himar1 TnSeq Analysis. PLOS Computational Biology, 11(10):e1004401.
- TRANSIT Online Documentation
- Transit manual (PDF)
- TRANSIT source code on GitHub
- tnseq-transit package on PyPi (install with pip3 - see documentation)
- Genomes and 'prot_table' files commonly used with Transit
- Pathway annotation files that can be used for 'pathway_enrichment' analysis (e.g. of resampling results)
Releases
## Version 3.3.8 (2024-10-26)
Minor changes:
- added flags to pathway_enrichment, such as:
-focusLFC pos|neg : to restrict pathway analysis of significant genes to only those with positive or negative LFCs
-minLFC : to specify a minimum magnitude for LFCs (e.g. '-minLFC 1' means analyze genes with at least a 2-fold change, up or down)
-qval : to change the threshold for significance from the default value of 0.05
-topk : to analyze the top K genes ranked by significance (Qval), regardless of cutoff
## Version 3.3.7 (2024-10-16)
Minor changes:
- updated manifest to include font file in PyPi package
## Version 3.3.6 (2024-10-14)
Minor changes:
- fixed a bug in TrackView that was caused by deprecated function in recent version of Python Image Library (PIL v10.0)
## Version 3.3.5 (2024-09-14)
Minor changes:
- allow wig file pathnames to have spaces in combined_wig and metadata files (e.g. for ANOVA and ZINB)
- change default alg for BWA from 'mem' back to 'aln' (see documentation on TPP)
## Version 3.3.4 (2024-02-16)
Minor changes:
- some improvements to ttnfitness
## Version 3.3.3 (2023-11-26)
Major changes:
- changed the calculation of HMM confidence scores in HMM_conf.py to use 1D distributions over Mean insertion counts for each gene for each essentiality state
- fixed bug in LOESS correction
## Version 3.3.2 (2023-10-29)
Major changes:
- added src/HMM_conf.py as a post-processing script for the HMM, to evaluate confidence of essentiality calls for each gene (see documentation on HMM)
Minor changes:
- improvements to documentation related to Quality Control
## Version 3.3.1 (2023-10-18)
Minor changes:
- changed HMM output filenames to *.sites.txt and *.genes.txt
- added a page on File Formats to documentation
- added a page on Example Scripts to documentation (for developers, to illustrate use of pytransit package)
## Version 3.3.0 (2023-08-03)
Major changes:
- added CRISPRi-DR method for identifying chemical-genetic interactions (CGI) in CRISPRi libraries
Transit v3.2.8 (released July 22, 2023)
Small bug fixes in TPP:
- fixed uncompression of gzipped fastq files
- fixed error condition caused by recent versions of wxPython that require 'proportion' arg in sizers in TPP GUI to be int (not float)
Transit Version 3.2.7 (released Sep 22, 2022)
Major changes:
- added Site-Restricted resampling (checkbox in GUI, and '-sr' flag on command-line)
Transit Version 3.2.6 (released Aug 3, 2022)
Major changes:
- added a parameter 'alpha' to ANOVA to make the F-test less sensitive to genes with low counts, cutting down on 'irrelevant' genes with significant variability
- updated the online documentation to describe this
- made 'adaptive' resampling the default in the GUI
Minor changes:
- fixed a (recently-introduced) bug that was causing the GUI to crash when running resampling
- updated 'export combined_wig' to include ref genome and column headers
Transit Version 3.2.5 (released June 15, 2022)
Minor changes:
- update dependencies for pillow and sklearn
- refactor documentation (replace transit_methods.rst with separate .rst files)
- added rpy2 warning (if not installed) for corrplot and heatmap
Transit Version 3.2.4 (released June 5, 2022)
Major changes:
- added 'ttnfitness' analysis method (to categorize growth-defect genes in single (reference) conditions, and compute TTN-fitness ratio to quantify the magnitude of growth defect based on comparison of observed insertion counts to expected counts at each TA site (based on surrounding nucleotides)
- added winzorization (-winz flag) to resampling, ANOVA, and ZINB (to help mitigate effects due to sites with outlier counts)
- fixed bug in ANOVA that assumed files in combined_wig and metadata were listed in same order (now they don't have to be)
Minor changes:
- switched back to original implementation of mmfind()
- added pathway assocation files for M. smegmatis to data dir
- added --Pval_col and --Qval_col to pathway_enrichment.py
- added --prot_table flag to zinb.py
- updated header info in output files for HMM, resampling, and ZINB
- updated explanation of -signif in documentation for Genetic Interactions
- cleaned up documentation
TRANSIT Version 3.2.2 (Released Sep 8, 2021)
- fixed bug in converting gff_to_prot_table
- fixed bug in tn5gaps (fixes some false negative calls)
- fixed some bugs in pathway_enrichment (GSEA calculations)
- fixed links to Salmonella Tn5 data in docs
- fixed problem with margins in heatmap.py that was causing R to fail
- added --ref to anova.py and zinb.py (for computing LFCs relative to designated reference condition)
- added --low_mean_filter for heatmap.py (for excluding genes with low counts, even if they are significant by ANOVA or ZINB)
- add dependency on pypubsub<4.0 and wxPython (so they are automatically installed)
TRANSIT Version 3.2.1 (Released Dec 22, 2020)
- maintenance release
- fixed a bug in the GUI caused by changes in wxPython 4.1.0
- added GO terms for M. smegmatis in the data directory for doing pathway analysis
TRANSIT Version 3.2.0 (Released Oct 26, 2020)
- improvements to pathway_enrichment analysis
- added '--ranking' flag for GSEA to sort genes based on LFC or SLPV
- implemented Ontologizer method (-M ONT), which works better for GO terms
- updated auxilliary files in transit data directory for different systems of functional categories (COG, Sanger, GO)
- added '-signif' flag to GI (Genetic Interaction analysis) (options: HDI, prob, BFDR, FWER)
- updated description of methods for determining significant interactions in documentation
- various improvements to other methods, including corrplot and heatmap
TRANSIT Version 3.1.0 (Released Mar 8, 2020)
- added 'corrplot' and 'heatmap' commands
- pathway_enrichment:
- completely re-done so it is faster and simpler
- now implements Fisher's exact test and GSEA
- can be used with COG categories and GO terms
- switch to 2-column format for associations files
- resampling:
- changed semantics of pseudocounts from "fake sites" (-pc, dropped) to calculation of log-fold-changes (-PC, new)
- anova:
- put columns for condition means in correct order
- added columns for log-fold-changes for each condition to output
- zinb:
- improved handling of --include-conditions and --ignore-conditions
- now prints out a summary of how many samples are in each condition (including cross-product with covars and interactions)
- make pseudocounts flag (-PC) work uniformly for resampling, anova, and zinb
TRANSIT Version 3.0.2 (Released Dec 21, 2019)
- Mostly cosmetic fixes
- Updated some command-line and GUI messages
- Updated documentation (especially for GI and resampling)
- Removed "warning: high stderr" from gene status in ZINB
- Added LFCs in ZINB output
TRANSIT Version 3.0.1 (Released Aug 1, 2019)
- Add check for python3 (TRANSIT 3+ requires python3.6+)
- Minor fixes in GI and Pathway Enrichment
TRANSIT Version 3.0.0 (Released July 18, 2019)
- Migrated TRANSIT to Python3 (because Python2.x support is being discontinued).
- Users need to install and use Python3 to run TRANSIT.
TRANSIT Version 2.5.2 (Released May 16, 2019)
- Made some improvements in command-line version of 'tn5gaps'
- Added flags for trimming insertions in N- and C-termini of genes for tn5gaps (-iN and -iC)
TRANSIT Version 2.5.1 (Released Apr 25, 2019)
- Add support for handling interactions in ZINB
- Fix selection bug for gff3 in GUI
TRANSIT Version 2.5.0 (Released Mar 28, 2019)
TRANSIT Version 2.4.2 Released (Mar 15, 2019)
- Enable resampling to compare TnSeq libraries from different strains.
- Updated protocols in TPP.
- Significant updates to documentation.
TRANSIT Version 2.4.1 Released (Mar 4, 2019)
TRANSIT Version 2.4.0 Released (Feb 28, 2019)
- Added support in TPP for mapping reads to reference sequences containing
multiple contigs.
TRANSIT Version 2.3.4 2019-01-14
- Minor bug fixes related to flags in Resampling and HMM
TRANSIT Version 2.3.3 2018-12-06
- Minor bug fixes related to flags in HMM
TRANSIT Version 2.3.2 2018-11-09
- Minor bug fixes related to changing parameters in TPP GUI
TRANIST Version 2.3.1 2018-10-19
- Removed dependence on PyPubSub (can run Transit in command-line mode without it, but needed for GUI)
TRANSIT Version 2.3.0 Released (Oct 10, 2018)
Changes:
- Added calculation of Pathway Enrichment as post-processing for resampling, to determine if conditionally essential genes over-represent a particular functional category or pathway (such as for GO terms)
- Added ANOVA analysis for identifying genes with significant variability of counts across multiple conditions
- Updated Documentation - especially for "Quality Control/TnSeq Statistics"; also added more command-line examples under "Analysis Methods"
- Fixed bugs (including TrackView in the GUI)
- Upgraded dependencies, including wxPython 4.0 (now required)
TRANSIT 2.2.0 Released (June 4, 2018)
Changes:
- Added analysis method for Genetic Interactions.
- Added Mann-Whitney U-test for comparative analysis.
- Made TRANSIT compatible with wxPython 4.0 (Phoenix).
- Datasets now automatically selected when they are added to TRANSIT.
- Fixed bug in packaging of TPP, causing problem with console mode in new setuptools.
- Miscellaneous bugs fixes
TRANSIT 2.1.2 Released (May 8, 2018)
Changes:
- Improved how unbalanced replicates are handled in resampling (which might yield more conditional essentials)
- More features, bug fixes, and enhancements
TRANSIT 2.0.2 Released (August 19th, 2016)
Changes:
- Added support for custom primers in TPP.
- Added support for annotations in GFF3 format.
- New diagnostics statistics in TPP and TRANSIT.
- Ability to specify pseudocounts in resampling.
- Misc. Bug fixes
Source Code
TRANSIT can be downloaded from the public GitHub repository, http://github.com/mad-lab/transit. It is released under a GPL License. You can download a zip file with the latest code or use git to clone the repository:
git clone https://github.com/mad-lab/transit/
Instructions
Make sure all prequisites are installed (see Documentation). Extract
files into a single directory and in a terminal type:
python <PATH>/src/transit.py
Note: this command installs the source files locally in your
directory, so you can run it from the command-line as above.
Alternatively, you can use 'pip
install' (see Documentation) to install a copy of transit in a global
location on your system, like /usr/local/bin/transit. (transit becomes
a command; you don't have to say 'python' before it)
For detailed instructions, please see the documentation included with the source-code distribution or visit the following page:
Prerequisites
In order for TRANSIT and TPP to run, various packages installed,
like BWA, Numpy, Scipy, wxPython, matplotlib, etc.
See the
documentation
for full requirements and installation instructions.
Genome Annotation Files
Transit uses a custom file format for genome annotations called a
'prot_table', which is just a tab-separated file with a line for each
ORF and specific columns of info. Examples of prot tables are
available below.
If the annotation of your genome is in .gff (or .gff3) format,
there is a command available in Transit to convert them to
.prot_table format for use by all the analytical methods.
Conversion of .gff files can also be done through the GUI (as a menu option).
> python transit.py convert gff2prot_table <.gff> <.prot_table>
Example Data
Example datasets (.wig) format at provided in the data/ directory included in the distribution. The accompanying genome (.fna) and annotation file (.prot_table) are included in the genomes/ directory. Additional genomes to be used with TRANSIT and TPP are available on the following site:
http://saclab.tamu.edu/essentiality/transit/genomes/
Here is a Tn5 dataset from Salmonella (Langridge et al., 2009):
Command-line Examples:
Here are examples of some of my favorite commands...
> python ../transit/src/tpp.py -bwa ../bwa-0.7.12/bwa -ref H37Rv.fna -reads1 sample667_R1.fastq -reads2 sample667_R2.fastq -output sample667
You can combine multiple wig files into one file (which can be viewed as a spreadsheet). In this example, I specify '-n TTR' at the end of the line for normalizing the insertion counts between datasets,
but you could also use '-n nonorm' if you want to look at the raw counts. Make sure you are using the annotation (*.prot_table) corresponding to the genome that was used as the reference
for creating the wig files (using TPP).
> python ../transit/src/transit.py export combined_wig Rv_1_H37RvRef.wig,Rv_2_H37RvRef.wig,Rv_3_H37RvRef.wig H37Rv.prot_table clinicals_combined_TTR.wig -n TTR
If you want to just normalize a specific dataset, there is a command for that...
> python src/transit.py normalize <input.wig> <output.wig> [-n TTR|betageom]
> python src/transit.py normalize Rv_1_H37RvRef.wig Rv_1_H37RvRef_TTR.wig -n TTR
> python src/transit.py normalize Rv_1_H37RvRef.wig Rv_1_H37RvRef_BG.wig -n betageom
Here is an example of doing resampling from the command-line. It applies TTR normalization by default. The '-a' at the end is for adaptive, which gives approximately the same p-values but is much faster.
> python ../../transit/src/transit.py resampling /pacific/home/mdejesus/TRASH/invitro/Cara_WT.wig,/pacific/home/mdejesus/TRASH/invitro/CS_TraCS053.wig BBM_c3h-1_raw_templates.txt,BBM_c3h-2_raw_templates.txt H37Rv.prot_table resamp_invitro_BBM_c3h_TTR.dat -a
Here is an example of evaluating genetic interactions among 2 strains (H37Rv wt and a knockout of SecA2) and 2 conditions (in_vitro vs in_vivo). There are 4 groups of wig files; each group is a comma-separated list of replicates.
The arguments at the end specify truncation of TA sites in the N- and C-terminal 5% of each ORF.
> python ../transit/src/transit.py GI TnSeq_H37Rv_invitro_A.wig,TnSeq_H37Rv_invitro_B.wig,TnSeq_H37Rv_invitro_C.wig H37Rv_in_vivo_rep1.wig,H37Rv_in_vivo_rep2.wig,H37Rv_in_vivo_rep3.wig TnSeq_SecA2_invitro_A.wig,TnSeq_SecA2_invitro_BC.wig SecA2_in_vivo_rep1.wig,SecA2_in_vivo_rep2.wig,SecA2_in_vivo_rep3.wig H37Rv.prot_table SecA2_GI3.dat -iN 5 -iC 5
Don't forget that you can get some help on command-line args by typing '--help', such as:
> python ../transit/src/tpp.py --help
usage: python PATH/src/tpp.py -bwa <EXECUTABLE_WITH_PATH> -ref <REF_SEQ> -reads1 <FASTQ_OR_FASTA_FILE> [-reads2 <FASTQ_OR_FASTA_FILE>] -output <BASE_FILENAME> [-maxreads <N>] [-mismatches <N>] [-flags "<STRING>"] [-tn5|-himar1] [-primer <seq>] [-barseq_catalog_in|_out <file>]
> python ../../transit/src/transit.py resampling <comma-separated .wig control files> <comma-separated .wig experimental files> <annotation .prot_table or GFF3> <output file> [Optional Arguments]
Optional Arguments:
-s <integer> := Number of samples. Default: -s 10000
-n <string> := Normalization method. Default: -n TTR
...
> python ../transit/src/transit.py GI --help
python /pacific/home/ioerger/transit/src/transit.py GI <comma-separated_.wig_control_files_for_condition_A> <comma-separated_.wig_control_files_for_condition_B> <comma-separated_.wig_experimental_files_condition_A> <comma-separated_.wig_experimental_files_condition_B> <annotation_.prot_table_or_GFF3> <output_file> [Optional Arguments]
Optional Arguments:
-s <integer> := Number of samples. Default: -s 10000
--rope <float> := Region of Practical Equivalence. Area around 0 (i.e. 0 +/- ROPE) that is NOT of interest. Can be thought of similar to the area of the null-hypothesis. Default: --rope 0.5
-n <string> := Normalization method. Default: -n TTR
-iz := Include rows with zero accross conditions.
-l := Perform LOESS Correction; Helps remove possible genomic position bias. Default: Turned Off.
-iN <float> := Ignore TAs occuring at given fraction of the N terminus. Default: -iN 0.0
-iC <float> := Ignore TAs occuring at given fraction of the C terminus. Default: -iC 0.0
Here a command we recently added for determining which genes exhibit
statistically significant variability across a set of conditions using
ANOVA. Note that this command take a combined_wig file
and samples_metadata file as input. Mutiple wig files can be combined
together for convenience using the command above. The samples_metadata
file identifies the samples and how they are grouped by condition;
it is created manually by the user (e.g. using Excel) and saved in
tab-separated text format. Running "python transit.py anova --help"
will show you the input arguments and flags.
By default ANOVA automatically applies TTR normalization to the datasets.
python src/transit.py anova -n nonorm --wig anova-data/combined_wig_macrophages.dat --prot anova-data/H37RvBD1.prot_table --meta anova-data/samples_metadata.txt --ignore-conditions Unknown,Tcell -o output_nonorm.txt
If you want to perform pathway enrichment analysis on the output of
resampling, you can use the following command.
There are 2 annotation files provided for H37Rv (for Sanger roles, and for GO terms, in src/pytransit/data/).
However, you can make your own in the same format for other strains/organisms.
There are two methods for calculating enrichment: hypergeometric (Fisher's exact test), and GSEA.
GSEA, as originally defined, is very slow. GSEA-Z and GSEA-CHI are faster approximations. (see documentation for references)
> python src/transit.py pathway_enrichment <resampling files> <annotation file> <output file> [-p .-S -M < GSEA, HYPE, Z, CHI >]
References
If you use TRANSIT, please cite this paper:
DeJesus, M.A., Ambadipudi, C., Baker, R., Sassetti, C., and Ioerger, T.R. (2015). TRANSIT - a Software Tool for Himar1 TnSeq Analysis. PLOS Computational Biology, 11(10):e1004401.
Papers on the Statistical Methods in Transit:
Ioerger, T.R. (2022). Analysis of Gene Essentiality from TnSeq Data
Using Transit. in: Zhang R. (eds) Essential Genes and
Genomes. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2377. Humana, New York,
NY, 2377:391-421.
pubmed
Choudhery, S., Brown, A.J., Akusobi, C., Rubin, E.J., Sassetti, C.M.,
and Ioerger, T.R (2021). Modeling site-specific nucleotide biases
affecting Himar1 transposon insertion frequencies in TnSeq datasets.
mSystems, 6(5):e0087621.
pubmed
Subramaniyam, S., DeJesus, M.A., Zaveri, A., Smith, C.M., Baker, R.E.,
Ehrt, S., Schnappinger, D., Sassetti, C.M., and Ioerger, T.R. (2019).
Statistical analysis of variability in TnSeq data across conditions
using Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression.
BMC Bioinformatics, 20(1):603.
pubmed
DeJesus, M.A., Nambi, S., Smith, C.M.,
Baker, R.E., Sassetti, C.M., and Ioerger, T.R. (2017).
Statistical Analysis of Genetic Interactions in TnSeq Data.
Nucleic Acids Research, 45(11):e93.
pubmed
DeJesus, M.A. and Ioerger, T.R. (2016).
Normalization of transposon-mutant library sequencing datasets
to improve identification of conditionally essential genes.
Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology,
14(3):1642004.
pubmed
DeJesus, M.A., Ambadipudi, C., Baker, R., Sassetti, C., and Ioerger, T.R.
(2015). TRANSIT - a Software Tool for Himar1 TnSeq Analysis.
PLOS Computational Biology, 11(10):e1004401.
pubmed
DeJesus, M.A. and Ioerger, T.R. (2015).
Reducing type I errors in
Tn-Seq experiments by correcting the skew in read count distributions.
7th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
(BICoB 2015).
PDF.
DeJesus, M.A. and Ioerger, T.R. (2014). Capturing uncertainty by modeling
local transposon insertion frequencies improves discrimination of essential
genes. IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics,
12(1):92-102.
pubmed
DeJesus, M.A. and Ioerger, T.R. (2013).
A Hidden Markov Model for identifying essential and growth-defect
regions in bacterial genomes from transposon insertion sequencing data.
BMC Bioinformatics, 14:303.
pubmed
DeJesus, M.A. and Ioerger, T.R. (2013). Improving discrimination of essential
genes by modeling local insertion frequencies in transposon mutagenesis data.
ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Biomedical
Informatics (ACM-BCB), Washington, DC, Sept 22-25, 2013. pdf
DeJesus, M.A., Zhang, Y.J., Sassettti, C.M., Rubin, E.J., Sacchettini, J.C.,
and Ioerger, T.R. (2013). Bayesian analysis of gene essentiality based on
sequencing of transposon insertion libraries. Bioinformatics,
29(6):695-703. pubmed
Biology papers from our group using TnSeq and Transit:
Zhang, L., Hendrickson, R.C., Meikle, V., Lefkowitz, E.J., Ioerger, T.R., and Niederweis, M. (2020). Comprehensive analysis of iron utilization by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathogens, accepted.
Dragset, M., Ioerger, T.R., Loevenich, M., Haug, M., Sivakumar, N.,
Marstad, A., Cardona, P., Klinkenberg, G., Rubin, E.J., Steigedal, M.,
and Flo, T. (2019). Global assessment of Mycobacterium avium
subspecies hominissuis genetic requirement for growth and
virulence. mSystems,
4(6):e00402-19.
Dragset, M.S., Ioerger, T.R., Zhang, Y.J., Zekarias, Maerk, M., Ginbot, Z.,
Sacchettini, J.C., Flo, T.H., Rubin, E.J., Steigedal, M. (2019).
Genome-wide phenotypic profiling identifies and categorizes genes
required for mycobacterial low iron fitness.
Scientific Reports, 9(1):11394.
pubmed
Rego, H., Baranowski, C., Welch, M., Sham, L.-T., Eskandarian, H., Lim, H.,
Kieser, K., Wagner, J., McKinney, J., Fantner, G., Ioerger, T.R.,
Walker, S., Berhardt, T., and Rubin, E.J. (2018).
Maturing Mycobacterium smegmatis peptidoglycan requires non-canonical
crosslinks to maintain shape. eLife, e37516.
pubmed
Carey, A.F., Rock, J.M., Krieger, I.V., Chase, M.R., Fernandez-Suarez,
M., Gagneux, S., Sacchettini, J.C., Ioerger, T.R, and Fortune,
S.M. (2018). TnSeq of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates
reveals strain-specific antibiotic liabilities.
PLOS Pathogens, 14(3):e1006939.
pubmed
Xu, W., DeJesus, M.A., Rucker, N., Engelhart, C., Wright, M.G., Healy, C.,
Lin, K., Wang, R., Park, S.W., Ioerger, T.R., Schnappinger, D., and
Ehrt, S. (2017).
Chemical genomic interaction profiling reveals determinants of
antibiotic susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,
61(12):e01334-17.
pubmed
DeJesus, M.A., Gerrick, E.R., Xu, W., Park, S.W., Long, J.E., Boutte, C.C.,
Rubin, E.J., Schnappinger, D., Ehrt, S., Fortune, S.M., Sassetti, C.M.,
and Ioerger, T.R. (2017). Comprehensive essentiality analysis of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome
via saturating transposon mutagenesis. mBio, 8(1):e02133-16.
pubmed
Korte, J., Alber, M., Trujullo, C.M., Syson, K. Koliwer-Brandl, H., Deenen, R.,
Köhrer, K., DeJesus, M.A., Hartman, T., Jacobs, W.R. Jr.,
Bornemann, S., Ioerger, T.R., Ehrt, S., Kalscheuer, R. (2016).
Trehalose-6-phosphate-mediated toxicity determines essentiality of OtsB2 in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in mice. PLOS Pathogens,
12(12):e1006043.
pubmed
Kieser, K.J., Baranowski, C., Chao, M.C., Long, J.E., Sassetti, C.M.,
Waldor, M.K., Sacchettini, J.C., Ioerger, T.R, and Rubin, E.J. (2015).
Peptidoglycan synthesis in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis is organized into networks with varying
drug susceptibility. PNAS,
112(42):13087-92.
pubmed
Zhang, Y.J., Reddy, M.C., Ioerger, T.R., Rothchild, A.C., Dartois, V.,
Schuster, B.M., Trauner, A., Wallis, D.E., Galaviz, S., Huttenhower, C.,
Saccettini, J.C., Behar, S.M., and Rubin, E.J. (2013).
Tryptophan biosynthesis protects mycobacteria from CD4 T cell-mediated killing.
Cell, 155(6):1296-308. pubmed
Zhang, Y.J., Ioerger, T.R., Huggenhower, C., Chen, X., Mohaideen, N.,
Long, J., Sassetti, C.M., Sacchettini, J.C. and Rubin, E.J. (2012).
Global assessment of genomic regions required for growth in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. PLoS Pathogens, 8(9):e1002946.
pubmed
Griffin, J.E., Gawronski, J.D., DeJesus, M.A., Ioerger, T.R., Akerley, B.J.,
Sassetti, C.M. (2011). High-resolution phenotypic profiling defines genes
essential for mycobacterial survival and cholesterol catabolism. PLoS
Pathogens, 7(9):e1002251. pubmed
Long, J.E., DeJesus, M., Ward, D., Baker, R.E., Ioerger, T.R. and
Sassetti, C.M. (2015).
Identifying essential genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by global
phenotypic profiling. in:
Methods in Molecular Biology: Gene Essentiality,
(Long Jason Lu, ed.), vol. 1279.
Contact
Email questions to Tom Ioerger (ioerger@cs.tamu.edu).
© Copyright 2015 -
.
Michael A. DeJesus and Thomas R. Ioerger.