For questions or suggestions e-mail us at: ioerger@cs.tamu.edu
MTESSIRVVLRERASLQPNDTAFTFVDYERDWEGVAETLTWAQLYRRSRKLAVELGRHGSTGDRAVILAP QGLDYIVVFLGALEAGFIAVPLSVPTVAVHDERVTAVLRDAAPSVILTTSAVAQDVAPYPGMIADLSAPT IIEIDSLDLDSAGESGGLPHDRPDIAYLQYTSGSTRTPTGVMVSNGNLSANWEQIIAGYLPDFRMPQTAT SWLP
Operon Prediction Model: Genebank
Paralogs
| species | id | gene | e-value | identity (len) | annotation |
| M. smegmatis MC2 155 | MSMEG_2672 | - | - | 100% (214) | acyl-CoA synthase |
| M. smegmatis MC2 155 | MSMEG_4731 | - | 1e-66 | 61.11% (216) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
| M. smegmatis MC2 155 | MSMEG_0411 | - | 7e-54 | 53.08% (211) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
Closest Orthologs (e-value cutoff: 1e-4)
| species | id | gene | e-value | identity (len) | annotation |
| M. bovis AF2122 / 97 | Mb1548 | fadD25 | 2e-65 | 56.36% (220) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
| M. gilvum PYR-GCK | Mflv_0402 | - | 3e-55 | 53.05% (213) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
| M. tuberculosis H37Rv | Rv1521 | fadD25 | 7e-66 | 56.36% (220) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
| M. leprae Br4923 | MLBr_01234 | - | 4e-64 | 57.34% (218) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
| M. abscessus ATCC 19977 | MAB_0935c | - | 6e-55 | 54.29% (210) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
| M. marinum M | MMAR_2341 | fadD25 | 1e-63 | 59.38% (224) | fatty acyl-AMP ligase FadD25 |
| M. avium 104 | MAV_1328 | - | 5e-65 | 57.80% (218) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
| M. thermoresistible (build 8) | TH_2533 | - | 1e-31 | 40.58% (207) | PUTATIVE acyl-CoA synthase |
| M. ulcerans Agy99 | MUL_1432 | fadD28_1 | 8e-62 | 58.33% (216) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
| M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 | Mvan_0272 | - | 8e-58 | 53.02% (215) | acyl-CoA synthetase |
CLUSTAL 2.0.9 multiple sequence alignment
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 ------------------------MLHGRASLRPDDIAFTFTDYTNSPTG
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 ---------------MTSQSSILSMLHGRASMRPGDVAFTFTDYAVDPAG
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK ------------------------MLHGRASMRPDDVAFTFTEYADDPAG
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 ----------------MQNSSVLSFLRERAGLQPDDEAFSFTDYEQDWAG
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 ----------------MHGSSVVSLLRERAGLQPDDVAFRYTDYEQDWAG
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 --------------MSVVESSLPGVLRERASFQPNDKALTFIDYERSWDG
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv --------------MSVVESSLPGVLRERASFQPNDKALTFIDYERSWDG
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M ----------------MVESSLPAVLRERASLVPNQTALTFVDYEHEWEG
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 ----------------MLDHSISAVLRERASLRPSETAFTFIDYERDWAG
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 ----------------MTESSIRVVLRERASLQPNDTAFTFVDYERDWEG
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu LLRIEDCLDADGHIALPPDVTLLSLIERNIAAVGDTVAYRYLDHARD---
.:. . . . * : :: .
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 VAESLTWSQLSRRTFNVARELGQHASPGDRALILAPQSLEYILAFLGSMQ
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 VRQTLTWSQLSIRTLNLAREIRRHGAVGDRALILAPQGLEYILAFLGSMQ
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK VAETVTWSQLSRRTANVARVLARHGSAGDRAVILAPQGLEYILAFLGSMQ
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 VRKTLTWAQLYQRTLNVAHELRRHGSIRDRAVILAPQGLDYIIAFLGAMQ
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 VAETLTWAQLYQRTSNLAREVARHGDTGDRAVILAPQGLSYIVAFLAAIQ
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 VEETLTWSQLYRRTLNLAAQLREHGSTGDRALILAPQILDYVVSFIASLQ
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv VEETLTWSQLYRRTLNLAAQLREHGSTGDRALILAPQSLDYVVSFIASLQ
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M VEKTLTWAQLYRKVINVAEHLRQHASVGDRAVILAPQGLEYIVGFLGALQ
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 IAETLTWSQLHRRTCNVVRELKACGATGDRAVVLAPQGLDYIVAFLGALQ
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 VAETLTWAQLYRRSRKLAVELGRHGSTGDRAVILAPQGLDYIVVFLGALE
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu TVVELTWAHLGVRVEAVGAHVQRATAPGDRVAILAPQGVDYVAGFFAAVK
:**::* : : : **. :**** :.*: *:.:::
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 AGLIAVPLPLPHRGSSLDRVSAVFDDTSPSVVLTTSAVASDVGDYVDQSR
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 AGLVAVPLPLPHPGSGHDRVGAVLHDTEPSVVLTTSATANDVGDYVASSR
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK AGMIAVPLPLPHRGSNHDRVSAVFTDTTPAVVLTTSAVAGDVGAYVDEAR
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 AGFIAVPLSVPQAGSHDERVGAVLADTSPSVVLTTSAVADAIAKYVDHSD
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 AGLIAVPLSVPQPGSHDERVSAVLADTGPAVVLTTAAAAATVTEYLRRPD
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 AGIVAVPLSIPQGGAHDERTVSVFADTAPAIVLTASSVVDNVVEYVQPQP
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv AGIVAVPLSIPQGGAHDERTVSVFADTAPAIVLTASSVVDNVVEYVQPQP
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M AGIIAVPLSVPYGGVHDERTVSVVGDTTPSVILTTSSVIDYVRGYGEAQP
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 AGQIAVPLSAPLGGASDERVGSVLRDALPSAILTTSPIAGDVAECITLTP
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 AGFIAVPLSVPTVAVHDERVTAVLRDAAPSVILTTSAVAQDVAPYPGMIA
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu AGAIAVPLFAPELPGHAERLDTALRDARPAAVLTTAAVFDTVSSFLTRLA
** :**** * :* :.. *: *: :**::. :
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 LEIAPKLIEIDTLRLD---VDAGP------SLVPGDVPNIAYLQYSSGST
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 LDAAPTIVEVDALDLD---AGGGL------SLEPADLPSIAYLQYSSGST
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK MQIAPTIVTVDTLDLDGTPSDDEP------AVAAGEAPDIAYLQYSSGST
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 TDTVPAILEVDSPNLD---VENKS------NIRLTDAPSTAYLQYTSGST
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 TGPAPAVVEIDSLDLD---EPNSA------SIRISGAPDIAYLQYTSGST
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 GQNAPAVIEVDRLDLD---ARPSS----GSRSAAHGHPDILYLQYTSGST
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv GQNAPAVIEVDRLDLD---ARPSS----GSRSAAHGHPDILYLQYTSGST
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M GQSAPSIVELDLLDLD---SRRGSSGRPGARSAADDGSNPLYLQYTSGST
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 GERAPSVIEVDLLDPG---SGQGP------AAESDSGSDIAYLQYTSGST
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 DLSAPTIIEIDSLDLD---SAGES------GGLPHDRPDIAYLQYTSGST
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu PAQRPRIIVIDDVPDA---SAAEF------APTTLDLDDVSHLQYTSGST
* :: :* . :***:****
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 RTPTGVMLSHRNLQVNFEQLMRSFFVDTGCTIPSNATIVSWLPFYHDMGL
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 RLPAGVMLSHRNLTVNFEQLMRSFFAEK--PLPPDATLVSWLPFYHDMGL
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK RLPTGVMISHRNLQSNYEQLMRSFFAVPHIRSTAELTIVSWLPFYHDMGL
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 RLPAGVMVTHRNLMVNFQQLMADYFAPTNGVAPLDLTIVSWLPFYHDMGL
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 RLPAGVMVSHRNLQVNFQQLMAAFFPDVDGVAPRDTVCVSWLPFYHDMGL
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 RTPAGVMVSNKNLFANFEQIMTSYYGVYGKVAPPGSTVVSWLPFYHDMGF
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv RTPAGVMVSNKNLFANFEQIMTSYYGVYGKVAPPGSTVVSWLPFYHDMGF
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M RTPAGVVVSNKNLFANFEQIMDGYYRAFGNVAPPDTTVVSWLPFYHDMGF
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 RTPAGVVVSRRNLLANVEQGMSAYFGDHGRAAPPDTTVVSWLPFFHDMGL
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 RTPTGVMVSNGNLSANWEQIIAGYLPDFR--MP--QTATSWLP-------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu RPPVGVEVTHRAVGTNLVQMILS-----IDLLDRNTHGVSWLPLYHDMGL
* *.** ::. : * * : .****
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 VLGVCAPILGGYRADLTSPLAFLESPSRWVRALATNP---HAWSSAPNFA
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 VLGVCAPILCGRRAELMSPVSFLEKPSRWMRALAENP---HAWSSAPNFA
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK VLGVCAPILGGHPAKLTSPVAFLEKPSRWVRALAENP---QAFSAAPNFA
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 VLGVVAPILGGWRSELTSPISFLQRPARWIQAMATSS---HPFSAGPNFA
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 VQGVIAPILGGYPADLTSPVAFLQRPARWIQAMSRAD---PVFSAAPNFA
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 VLGLILPILAGIPAVLTSPIGFLQRPARWIQMLASNT---LAFTAAPNFA
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv VLGLILPILAGIPAVLTSPIGFLQRPARWIQMLASNT---LAFTAAPNFA
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M ILGIVFPVLAGVPAVLTSPVGFLQRPARWMHLLASNT---RAFSAAPNFA
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 MFGIIMPLLEGFHSVLTSPISFLQRPARWMQLLASNC---QVFSAAPNIA
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 --------------------------------------------------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu SM-IGFPAVYGGHTTLMSPTAFVRRPQRWIRALSDEARHGRVVTAAPNFA
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 FDLAARKTTDADLAGLDLGGVLGIISGAERVEQATLQRFVDRFAHFNFRD
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 FDLAARKTTDADLAGLDLGGVVGIISGAERVEPATLHRFVDRFAHFNFQD
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK FELAARKTRDSDLAGLDLGGVLGIINGAERVNPATLERFADRFAHFNFRD
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 FELAARRTSDADIAGLDLGACQGIISGSERIHPATLNRFSDRFARINFRD
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 FELAVRKTTDADLAGVNLGNIISIVSGAERIHPATLRRFCKRFAPYNFRE
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 FDLASRKTKDEDMEGLDLGGVHGILNGSERVQPVTLKRFIDRFAPFNLDP
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv FDLASRKTKDEDMEGLDLGGVHGILNGSERVQPVTLKRFIDRFAPFNLDP
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M FDLAARKTTDADLAGYDLGGVLHILNGSERVQPVTLKRFADRFAPFNLDP
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 FELAARKTSDDDLAGLDLGGVRNILSGAERVQPATLARFAQRFARFHLHP
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 --------------------------------------------------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu YEWTAQRGLPGPDDDIDLHDVVLIIG-SEPVSMAAISAFTTAFAPYGLPP
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 SMMRPSYGLAEATVFVASGTWSETAPAAHFDVEELSAGRVRRCAAGAGTA
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 HMMRPSYGLAEATVFVASGVWSESSPAAHFDTEGLAAGRVQPCAAGKGTA
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK NMLRPSYGLAEATVFVASGIYRESADEARFDSNELSAGRVARRTTG-GTA
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 DMMLPSYGLAEGTVYAASRPKGSSPEVVYFEPAKLSEGTVKRCEARTGAP
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 HMMQPSYGLAEATVYVASRAEAGAPEVVHFEPEKLSAGSAQRCPAQTGSP
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 KAIRPSYGMAEATVYVATRKAGQPPKIVQFDPQKLPDGQAERTESDGGTP
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv KAIRPSYGMAEATVYVATRKAGQPPKIVQFDPQKLPDGQAERTESDGGTP
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M RVIRPSYGMAEATVYVATRAPGEPPKIVSFDSDKLPAGEAR--PSPGGTP
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 RALRPSYGLAEATVFVATREWGQPPVTVYFDSDELTAGHAKRCATGTGTA
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 --------------------------------------------------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu TAFKPSYGIAEATLFVASIAPDAEPTAIHVDRARLGEGWAVPAPEPGDDT
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 LVQY---KVPHSPVLRIIDSDTHRECPADVVGEIWVHGDNVASGYWRKSP
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 LVKY---KVPQSPLLRIVDGDTHRECPSDVIGEIWVHGENVAAGYWNKPS
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK LVNY---TLPQAPTVRIVDVETNRECASDVVGEIWVHGENVAAGYWSRPA
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 LLSY---GTPKSPIVRIVDSDTCIECPTGRVGEIWLHGDNVAEGYWHKPE
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 LLSY---GAPTSPTVRIVDPDTNTERADGTVGEIWVNGENVAQGYWRKPE
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 LVSY---GIVDTQLVRIVDPDTGIERPAGTIGEIWVHGDNVAIGYWQKPE
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv LVSY---GIVDTQLVRIVDPDTGIERPAGTIGEIWVHGDNVAIGYWQKPE
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M LVSY---GIPEQQTVRIVDPETATECPQGAVGEIWVQGRNVGLGYWGRPE
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 LISY---GAAQSPTVRIVDPQAATECPAGVVGEIWVHGDNVAAGYWHRPQ
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 --------------------------------------------------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu VSVVSCGQVARSQWAVIVDADTGAELPDGAVGEIWLHGDNIGRGYWRRPQ
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 EEQRCFGAQIAD------PSAGTPEG-PWLRTGDLGFVSEGELFIVGRIK
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 EDQSCFGATLVD------PAPGVPDG-PWLRTGDLGFIDGGELFIVGRIK
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK DEQQCFGATLAD------PSPGTPAG-PWLRTGDLGFVHGGELFIVGRIK
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 ETQRTFGGKLAN------PSPGTPEG-PWLRTGDLGFISEDELFIVGRMK
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 ETRRTFGGVLVN------PSPGTPRQ-PWLRTGDLGFISAGELFIVGRMK
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 ATERTFSATIVN------PSEGTPAG-PWLRTGDSGFLSEGELFIMGRIK
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv ATERTFSATIVN------PSEGTPAG-PWLRTGDSGFLSEGELFIMGRIK
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M VSEEIFRARIVN------PPEGTPEG-PWLRTGDSGFFYDGELFIIGRIK
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 ETERTFGATFVG------PSPGTPPG-PWLRTGDLGAFSEGELFIIGRIK
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 --------------------------------------------------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu DTERTFGAILRTRLPAGSHADGVPDGSAWLRTGDLGFHLDGELYXTGRTA
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 DLLIIRGRNYYPEDIEATVQEIS----RGRVAAISVPF--DSTEKLVTII
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 DLLIIRGRNHYPEDIEATVQEIT----RGRVAAISIPV--NSTEKLVTVI
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK DLLIIRGRNHYPEDIEATVQGIT----RGRVAAISVPE--NSTEKLVTVI
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 DLLIVYGRNHYPEDIESTVQEIT----GGRVAAISVPV--DETEKLVTII
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 DLLIVYGRNHYPEDIESTVQAVT----GGRVAAISVPA--DETEKLVTII
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 DLLIVYGRNHSPDDIEATIQTIS----PGRCAAIAVS--EHGAEKLVAII
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv DLLIVYGRNHSPDDIEATIQTIS----PGRCAAIAVS--EHGAEKLVAII
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M DLLIVYGRNHSPDDIEATIQEVT----PGRCAAIAVPGRGAGAEKLVAII
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 DLLIIYGRNHSPDDIEATIQEVT----RGRCVTIAVPD-DGGVEKLVVIV
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 --------------------------------------------------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu DLISVHGRSHYPHDIEATVAEATPFVRRGYVAAFTVDP-----DDRLVVI
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 ELKK-----RSDT-DIEAIRSEITSAISNAHGVNVGDVVLVPPGSLPTTT
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 ELKK-----PAHLGELSEVKSDVTAAISNAHGLNVEDLVLVPSGSIPTTT
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK ELKKSAEPDADATRWLSEVKSDITSAISNAHGLNVEDLVLVPPGSIPTTT
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 EVKKRGDSDAEAMQKLVAVKNNITAAISKSHGLNVADLVLVPPGSIPTTT
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 ELKRRGDSDEDARRKLDAVKNEVTAAISIAHGLNVADLVPVAPGSIPTTT
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 ELKKKDESDDEAAERLGFVKREVTSAISKSHGLSVADLVLVSPGSIPITT
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv ELKKKDESDDEAAERLGFVKREVTSAISKSHGLSVADLVLVSPGSIPITT
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M ELKKRGDSDEDATDSLNVVKREVISAISKSHGLSVADLVLVSPGSIPITT
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 EFKTRETSHEATMHRMGVVRRDVIAAISKTHGLNVADLVLVPPGSIPLTT
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 --------------------------------------------------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu AERAAGTARADPRPALEAIR----DAVTRRHGLPVSDIRFLPAGAIPRTT
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 SGKIRRRSCVEQYLQHEFIRLDADSPVGVA--------------------
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 SGKIRRAACVEQYRQDQFVRLDA---------------------------
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK SGKVRRSACVDHYRQDQFDRLDA---------------------------
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 SGKVRRTACVEQYRRQQFSRLDG---------------------------
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 SGKIRRAACVERYLRGAFIRLDG---------------------------
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 SGKIRRAQCVELYRQDEFTRLDA---------------------------
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv SGKIRRAQCVELYRQDEFTRLDA---------------------------
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M SGKVRRAQCVELYRQDEFTRLDA---------------------------
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 SGKVRRRECLQRYLHDEFTRLDGQLREPGPRVADAAAADADAGADSGLVQ
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 --------------------------------------------------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu SGKLARRACRAEYLSGAYDPSPTGQTGQDSRR------------------
MAB_0935c|M.abscessus_ATCC_199 -------
Mvan_0272|M.vanbaalenii_PYR-1 -------
Mflv_0402|M.gilvum_PYR-GCK -------
MLBr_01234|M.leprae_Br4923 -------
MAV_1328|M.avium_104 -------
Mb1548|M.bovis_AF2122/97 -------
Rv1521|M.tuberculosis_H37Rv -------
MMAR_2341|M.marinum_M -------
MUL_1432|M.ulcerans_Agy99 RLRLLRH
MSMEG_2672|M.smegmatis_MC2_155 -------
TH_2533|M.thermoresistible__bu -------